1 润滑剂及润滑作用目前尚没有真正意义的理论及规律

1 there is no real theory and rule of lubricants and lubrication at present.

对一般PVC-U配方设计而言，笔者认为配方设计的难点及主要内容是内、外润滑剂种类的选择及它们的比例和加入总量的设计。润滑剂加入总量应适宜，而内、外润滑剂的比例更重要，尽管总量足够，但如果比例失调，也不合连续地生产出合格产品。

For the general design of PVC-U formula, the author believes that the difficulties and main contents of the formula design are the selection of the types of internal and external lubricants and the design of their proportion and total amount. The total amount of lubricants should be suitable, and the proportion of internal and external lubricants is more important, although the total amount is sufficient, but if the proportion is disproportionate, it is also uncontinuous to produce qualified products.

然而对于PVC-U加工过程至关重要的润滑体系，在目前还没有可称为理论的理论，甚至连可以有效地指导配方实验的规律也没有。唯一的所谓规律是借鉴普通化学中“相似相溶”规律，也就是润滑剂的极性与pvc树脂的极性越相似，其相容性越奸，因而其内润滑作用也越好;反之外润滑作用较强，但是这个规律对于配方设计的指导性亦很有限。

However, there is no theory that can be called the theory of lubrication, which is very important for the process of PVC-U processing, and even there is no law that can effectively guide the formula experiment. The only law is to draw on the "similar phase solution" law in ordinary chemistry, that is, the polarity of the lubricant is more similar to the polarity of PVC resin, the more the compatibility is, the better its internal lubrication, the better the external lubrication, but this rule is also limited in the direction of formula design.

因为判断润滑剂的极性的根据是润滑剂的化学结构，即润滑剂分子中含有的羟基、酯基、羧基、酰胺基以及醚基、酮基等极性官能团的种类、数量及其与长链烷基的比例。由于润滑剂化学结构复杂、多样，以及相邻官能团的相互影响，使得对润滑剂的极性大小的判断更为困难，这就造成了单凭润滑剂的极性来推断润滑剂的润滑作用与润滑剂实际上所起的润滑作用之间的差异性远远超出人们的想象。

The basis for judging the polarity of lubricants is the chemical structure of lubricants, namely the types and quantities of polar functional groups such as hydroxyl, ester group, carboxyl group, amide group and ether group and ketone, and their proportion to long chain alkyl groups. Because of the complexity and diversity of the chemical structure of lubricants and the interaction of adjacent functional groups, it is more difficult to judge the polarity of the lubricants, which makes it possible to deduce the difference between the lubrication of lubricants and the lubrication effect that the lubricant actually plays by the polarity of the lubricants. Elephants.

2 润滑作用的多变性

The variability of 2 lubrication

问题的复杂性还不仅如此，更为重要的是润滑剂与树脂的相容性(即润滑作用)还受其他条件的影响，尤其是其他润滑剂与增塑剂等助剂的影响更为显著，这种改变甚至可使内润滑剂变成外润滑剂，也就是说，同一种润滑剂的润滑作用会随着添加量的不同，随着配方中其他助剂组成的不同，随着加工条件的不同而改变。

The complexity of the problem is not only so, but it is more important that the compatibility of lubricants with the resin (i.e. lubrication) is also affected by other conditions, especially other lubricants and plasticizers, which can even make the internal lubricants become external lubricants, that is to say, the lubrication of the same lubricant. The effect will vary with the amount of additives, and the processing conditions will vary with the composition of other additives in the formulation.

3 内、外润滑平衡的多样性

The diversity of internal and external lubrication of 3

事实上，不同类型的加工设备如双螺杆及单螺杆挤出、注塑、压延等设备，均要求各自不同的润滑平衡。严格地讲，同类设备、不同生产厂家的产品，甚至同一台设备，旧的与新的设备，对润滑平衡均有不同的要求。不同类型的产品，如管材、片材、膜以及异型材，要有各自不同的润滑平衡。如断面复杂的异型材、挤出片材、注塑制品、中空制品、吹塑膜及高透明制品均要求有较高的塑化程度，更好的熔体流动性，因而要求内、外润滑剂，尤其是内润滑剂的加入量要多一些，而管材则对熔体黏度及流动性要求相对不太高，塑化程度以60%～70%为宜，因而外润滑剂相对可以比内润滑剂的用稍多。但是注塑制品则要求尽可能少用非极性外润滑剂，以便尽可能减少外润滑剂对熔接痕强度的影响。

In fact, different types of processing equipment, such as twin screw and single screw extrusion, injection molding, calender and other equipment, require different lubrication balance. Strictly speaking, the same equipment, different manufacturers' products, and even the same equipment, old and new equipment, have different requirements for lubrication balance. Different types of products, such as pipes, sheets, membranes and profiles, have different lubrication balances. Such as complex profiles, extruded sheets, injection products, hollow products, blow molding membranes and high transparent products all require higher plasticization and better melt fluidity, thus requiring more internal and external lubricants, especially internal lubricants, which require relative viscosity and fluidity of the melt. It is not too high. The plasticizing degree is 60% to 70%, so the external lubricant can be used more than the internal lubricant. However, injection molded products require the use of non polar external lubricants as little as possible, so as to minimize the effect of external lubricants on the strength of weld marks.

上述内容均说明了润滑平衡的多样性。这就造成润滑作用理论的研究较为困难，在实际配方设计时，也极大地增加了润滑剂配方设计的难度。

All of these indicate the diversity of lubrication balance. This makes the study of lubrication theory difficult. In the actual formulation design, it also greatly increases the difficulty of lubricant formulation design.

笔者认为，对于一般PVC-U而言，配方设计的关键是内、外润滑剂种类、比例及加入总量的设计，就是润滑平衡的设计。

The author believes that for the general PVC-U, the key to the formulation design is the design of the type, proportion and total amount of the internal and external lubricants, and the design of the lubrication balance.